Humanities+-History,+Gold+and+Bushrangers

=**__ BUSHRANGERS __**= =**View the following Silent Film (1906) - The Story of the Kelly Gang. The restored film is available in two parts.**= Released in 1906, The Story of the Kelly Gang is the world's first full-length feature film. Filmed outside Melbourne when the Kelly legend was still fresh, it was believed lost for many years. However, a century after it was first shot, the Australian National Film and Sound Archive have re-incorporated 11 minutes of material recently discovered in the United Kingdom. The restoration is now 16 minutes long and includes the key scene of Ned Kelly's last stand. [] [] SUCH IS LIFE!!!!!!!! =**Ned Kelly - Hero of Villian???**= It's more than 130 years since Ned Kelly was hanged at Melbourne Gaol, but the decendent of an Irishman extradited to Australia for stealing pigs in Tipperary is still causing controversy today. Ned Kelly is one of the most infamous characters in Australian folklore. []
 * Part 1:**
 * Part 2:**
 * Australia is still divided on the issue of Ned Kelly. Watch this clip from a tour guide at the Old Melbourne Gaol.**

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 * Ned Kelly immoralised in song..............**

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 * Ned Kelly portrayed by artist Sidney Nolan.....................**

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 * Ned Kelly animated in Lego - The Brickfilms Historical Fiction Competition**

=__** GOLD FEVER IN AUSTRALIA **__=

**Glossary**

 * __Alluvial gold__ - small particles of gold found in the mud or gravel of river beds and creeks. Alluvial gold is found by panning and cradling using water or wind to get rid of the lighter dirt and rock particles, leaving behind heavier specs of gold. **
 * __Squatters__- someone who is living on the land or in the house/building without permission. In Australia in the early 1800’s, there was great pressure to develop farming and agriculture. Most of the land suitable for agriculture had not yet been surveyed by the government and there was no formal process for buying your own land. Pioneer farmers went out and started farming the un-surveyed land with food crops and sheep (wool). These pioneers became known as Squatters. Governor Bourke realised he could not prevent the expansion of settlement, and decided to regulate it. Under the 1835 Squatting Regulations, Crown land (owned by the King/Queen of England) could be taken up on annual licence for a fee of ten pounds ($20) per year. In September 1836, Governor Bourke declared the whole Port Phillip District (Victoria) open for settlement under these regulations. To many, the word “Squatter” means someone who illegally lives in another’s property. In Australia this usually means settling on public lands without license. However, it is generally accepted, the squatter is one who occupied crown lands under a lease or license.**
 * __Shanty__ - a roughly built hut or shelter, made from scrap materials. Shanty towns developed near the goldfileds. Living conditions were very poor, water quality and sanitation were poor. Shanty towns today are considered to be slum areas where the people are very poor and cannot afford basic services. **
 * __Eureka Stockade__ - a battle fought on the Ballarat goldfields in Victoria on 3 December, 1854, between gold diggers and police troopers. The diggers barracaded themselves within a wooden fenced off area and protested against the unfair treatment and gold licenses imposed by the government on gold diggers. The Eureka Stockade and the Eureka flag has since become a symbols of protest against unfair treatment and laws in Australia.**
 * __Parliamentary representation__ - The people of a state or country have their views and interests represented in parliament by an elected politician whom they have voted for in an election. After Eureka, all men (over 21) holding a gold license were allowed to vote in elections. Peter Lalor, a key figure in the Eureka Stockade, eventually became a member of parlaiment in Victoria. **

** INTRODUCTION TO GOLD FEVER **
Textbook reference: Gold Fever, pages 62-63; The gold rushes, pages 64-65.

**__Activity 1__: Write a list of five dot points each to answer these two questions:**

 * **Why do people find the idea of discovering gold so exciting???**
 * **How would your life change if you discovered gold???**

===**__Activity 2__:** Complete a map of the 12 major Australian goldfields in the 1800's, by locating the following __places and dates__ of discovery on a map of Australia. Use an atlas or Google Maps to locate places.===
 * Bathurst, NSW, 1851
 * Warrandyte, VIC, 1851
 * Buninyong, VIC, 1851 (near Ballarat, VIC)
 * Bendigo, VIV, 1851
 * Gympie, QLD, 1867
 * Charters Towers, QLD, 1872
 * Pine Creek, NT, 1872
 * Mount Morgan, QLD, 1882 (Not Mt Morgans mine in Western Australia)
 * Tarcoola, SA, 1873
 * Mount Margaret (Laverton), WA, 1885
 * Coolgardie, WA, 1892 (near Kalgoorlie, WA)
 * Kalgoorlie, WA 1893


 * Download and print the following map of Australia with state boundaries to use.**

** ANALYSING THE POPULATION BOOM **
Textbook reference: From the world to the goldfields, pages 66-67.

===**__Activity 2a:__ Looking at the population growth table on page 66 calculate the population growth for each colony.** (For example: NSW - 345,000 minus 275,000 = an increase of 70,000 people in 10 years.) Which colony experienced the greatest amount of growth??===

===**__Activity 2b:__ Using the data in the population growth table on page 66, plot a line graph showing the increase in population in each colony.** Use graph paper or MS Excel to create your graph. When complete, briefly describe three things the graph shows you about the population growth in the four colonies.=== ===(For example: NSW is the largest colony in 1850, however, Victoria increases so rapidly, that is surpasses NSW in 1854 and is the largest colony by 1960.) Can you explian why NSW population decreases in 1851??? What happened in Victoria this same year that might have affected the population of NSW??===

===**__Activity 3:__ View Source 3 on page 67. Complete Question 5 in exercise books. View Source B on page 80. Question - How did Australia's population change between 1851 and 1861? What was the result of (a) people leaving the cities and towns to find gold, and (2) people returning to the cities and towns after the gold rush??**===
 * Sample line graph.**

** LIFE ON THE GOLDFIELDS - A NEW AND DEVELOPING COUNTRY **
Textbook reference: Life on the goldfields, pages 68-69.

===**__Activity 1__: Begin to __develop a concept map__ around the question -** " **How did the gold rush change Australia and contribute to the country it is today??"** Use your notes and text references from the two previous lessons AND the concept map template below to enter dot points under the first three headings from:===
 * 1) Population Growth
 * 2) Economy and Living Standards
 * 3) Racial relationships and tensions
 * 4) Environmental Change and Management
 * 5) Development, Transportation, Communication and Technology.
 * 6) Political Tension and Changes

===**__Activity 2:__ Read pages 68-69 and view Source 1 on page 66. Using this information, add further dot points to your __concept map__ under the headings of -' Economy and Living Standards', 'Racial relationships and tensions', 'Environmental change and management.'**===
 * Concept Map Template**

** THE EUREKA STOCKADE **
Textbook reference: The Eureka Stockade, pages 70-71.

**__Activity 1:__ Eureka Stockade Timeline Mismatch. Read pages 70-71 and rearrange the events of Eureka to match the correct dates on the table below.**

 * **6 Oct, 1854** ||  || A battle was fought on the Ballarat Goldfields, near the Eureka gold lead. Diggers barricaded themselves in a wooden stockade and fought against police troopers. ||
 * **17 Oct, 1854** ||  || Ballarat diggers form the Ballarat Reform League to (1) improve law and order, (2) gain voting rights for diggers, and (3) abolish gold license fees. ||
 * **11 Nov, 1854** ||  || James Scobie and Peter Martin, two drunken gold diggers, were refused entry to the Eureka Hotel. Scobie was later found bashed to death. Hotel owner, James Bentley, was suspected of the murder but let off by the Police troopers. ||
 * **27 Nov, 1854** ||  || Commissioner Rede ordered more gold license hunts. 500 diggers elect Peter Lalor to lead them in their protests. ||
 * **30 Nov, 1854** ||  || 4000 angry diggers protest against corrupt police troopers and the Eureka Hotel is burned down. Police arrest diggers suspected of burning the hotel. ||
 * **3 Dec, 1854** ||  || Governor Hotham refuses to release the suspects of the Eureka Hotel burning. ||

**__Activity 3:__ Go to the website below, view the video and read the article from The Age, titled, 'Seeing Red', June 7, 2012.** **Discuss this modern day example of a protest.**
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** RACIAL TENSIONS ON THE GOLDFIELDS - CHINESE DIGGERS **
Textbook reference: Chinese diggers, pages 72-73. []

**Academic**
[|Victor Chang] : heart surgeon; [|Jane Hutcheon] : journalist; [|Terence Tao] : mathematician; [|Charles Teo] : neurosurgeon [|John Yu] : paediatrician and Australian of the Year, 1996

**Business**
Sir [|Leslie Joseph Hooker] : real estate magnate, founder of [|L.J. Hooker] ; [|Bing Lee] : businessman who started up the Bing Lee franchises [|Trevor O'Hoy] : Former CEO of [|Foster's Group]

**Arts and Entertainment**
[|Li Cunxin] : ballet dancer, author and public speaker; [|Jeff Fatt] : performer with the [|Wiggles] ; [|Lisa Ho] : fashion designer; [|Jenny Kee] : fashion designer; [|Kylie Kwong] : chef and media presenter; [|Shaun Tan] : artist, author and illustrator

**Criminals**
[|Andrew Chan] : Leader of [|Bali Nine] ; [|Si Yi Chen] : Member of [|Bali Nine]

**Politics**
[|John So] : former Lord Mayor of Melbourne; [|Penny Wong] : Senator (SA), Federal Parliament, Member of Cabinet, Minister for Climate Change and Water 2007-(incumbent); [|Tsebin Tchen] : Senator (VIC), Federal Parliament

**Military**
[|Billy Sing] : [|World War I] : soldier, sniper at Gallipoli; [|Jack Wong Sue] : [|World War II] special forces soldier, mariner and author

**Sports**
[|Richard Chee Quee] : NSW cricketer; [|Wally Koochew] : Australian rules footballer

===**__Activity 3: Focus on Victor Chang.__** Watch the interview with Fiona Cootes, the yougest person in Australia at the time to receive a heart transplant performed by surgeon, Victor Chang. Fiona was a 14 year old high school student at the time of her life saving surgery. In a written paragraph, describe the contribution of Victor Chang to Australia's development and place in the world.=== []

**Also view 'Elka's Story' of life saving surgery by the Victor Chang Institute.**
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**Here is a challenging oral presentation on Victor Chang by a very young primary school student!!! Notice how he uses notes and speaks directly to his audience.**
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===**__Activity 1a:__ Read and discuss Source document A on page 80 of the textbook. Answer questions 2 and 3 on page 81. Add dot points to your concept map under the heading of ' Political Tension and Changes.'**===

===**__Activity 1b:__ Read and discuss Source document E on page 81 of the textbook. Add dot points to your concept map under the heading of ' Political Tension and Changes' and 'Racial Relationships and Tensions.'**===
 * White Europeans were suspicious and fearful of other races, in paricular Asian races. We saw this in (1) the poor treatment of Aborigines and, (2) the racist attitudes towards Chines diggers on the goldfields. These racist attitudes influenced government immigration policies on the early 1900's. As Australian colonies came together to be one nation in 1901 (Federation), they tried to create a strong, progesive, democartic, free and equal whoite community by excuding other races through tough immigration policies. The Immigration Restriction Act of 1901 becam known as the 'White Australia Policy'. It would be many decades before these immigration policies had to change and Australia moved towards becoming an 'Immigration Nation' that embraced multiculturalism.**

**__Activity 2: Focus on Multicultural Australia.__ Enter the Immigration Nation website and go to the interactive documentary box on the right hand side of the page.**
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===**Explore the interactive site and the stories of immigrants who have helped shape our multicutural country. Find some of your own cultural history in Australia. __Write an extended paragraph in your exercise book about how one person/cultural group has helped shape Multicultural Australia.__**===

**Click on the photo libraries, pictures, text, and menues at the top and bottom of the screen. Some recommended ones are:**

 * **Food - agricuture - Albanian fruit farmers**
 * **Food - agriculture - sugar slaves**
 * **Food - Elizabeth Chong - Aussie dim sim**
 * **Wine - French, Croatian and Italian vineyards**
 * **Design - Aheda Zinetti - the burquini**
 * **Sport - Majak Daw - AFL football**

**Some Key Figures in the Gold Rush Era:**
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 * __Edward Hargraves__ - Califronian gold rush prospwector, found gold near Bathurst, NSW. Prompted Australia's first gold rush.**

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 * __John Lister__ - Assistant to Hargraves in finding the first payable gold near Bathurst, NSW.**
 * __William and James Tom__ - Assistants to Hargraves in finding the first payable gold near Bathurst, NSW.**

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 * __Ellen Clacy -__ travelled with her brother from London, England and wrote a book about her adventires in 1852-3 in Victoria seraching for gold.**

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 * __Alice Cornwell__ - mining supervisor, mine owner, newspaper owner.**

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 * __Samuel Thomas Gill__ - artist who depicted many gold rush scenes.**
 * __Peter Lalor__ - Eureka Stockade leader who orgaised the diggers to protest aboiut their unfair treatment by the authorities. Elected to Victorian Parliament.**

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 * __Rafaello Carboni__ - leaders and eyewitness to the Eureka Stockade rebellion. Published a book about the events of Eureka.**

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 * __J__****__B Humffray__ - a gold fields polititian with a background in law. Elected to government.**

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 * __James Scobie__ - a scottish digger murdered at the Eureka Hotel. The authories' response to his murder was a catalyst to the Eureka Stockade uprising.**

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 * __Charles Hotham__ - Lieutenant Governer of Victoria in 1854-1855.**

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 * __Jong Ah Siug__ - a Chinese immigrant on the gold fields.**
 * __Other Useful References:__**